Close menu
Close search Open search
Close search

Erik Smets

Erik Smets

I am fascinated by flowering plants. More specifically, I am very interested in defining good characteristics - morphological, anatomical as well as phytochemical and molecular - to order flowering plants in predictive groups reflecting their phylogeny. My MSc project was about the definition of placentation types, seed types and nectaries, and in my PhD thesis I continued studying the floral nectaries of the flowering plants. Both degrees were obtained at the KU Leuven (Belgium). From the early start of my career I had many managerial tasks and a huge teaching load, two aspects of my professional life that I found very rewarding, also from a research perspective.

Keywords

Floral development, Morphology and Anatomy, Nectaries, Phylogeny, Systematics
Dioscoreales, Ericales, Gentianales, Poales

Prof. dr. E. F. (Erik) Smets

erik.smets@naturalis.nl
+31 (0)71 751 92 59

ResearchGate
LinkedIn

Career

Former and present positions

  • 1-1-2022 - present: Guest researcher Naturalis Biodiversity Center
  • 1-10-2020 - present: Emeritus professor with formal duties (KU Leuven)
  • 1-9-2005 - present: Full professor (Chair of Systematic botany), Leiden University
  • 1-7-2010 - 31-12-2021: Scientific director of Naturalis Biodiversity Center
  • 1-4-2009 – 30-6-2010: Research program director (40%) of the National Natural History Museum Naturalis
  • 1-9-2005 - 31-12-2021: Director of the National Herbarium of the Netherlands (NHN)
  • 1-9-2005 - 30-9-2020: Professor by Special Appointment (Chair of Systematic botany), KU Leuven
  • 1-9-2005 - 1-2-2016: Scientific director of the Hortus botanicus Leiden
  • 1-5-2005 - 31-8-2005: Full professor (20%), Leiden University
  • 1-8-2000 - 31-7-2005: Head of the Department of Biology, KU Leuven
  • 1-10-1989 - 30-11-2008: Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Plant Systematics, KU Leuven

Honours

  • Member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts (2012)
  • Member of The Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities (2010)
  • Foreign Member of the Linnean Society (2005) 

Other past and current academic activities

Ongoing activities:

  • Member of the Digitisation Project Board, RBG Kew, since 2022.
  • Chair of the Board of the Fonds Pontium Foundation, since 2020.
  • Treasurer of the Executive Committee of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF), since 2016
  • Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Natural History Museum Stuttgart (SMNS), since 2012.
  • Member of the Leopold III-Fund for Nature Research and Nature Conservation, since 2009.
  • Member and Chair (since 10-2020) of the Board of the Alberta Mennega Foundation, since 2007.
  • Chair of the Professor Lam Fund, since 2007.
  • Vice-Chair of the Board of the Flora Malesiana Foundation, since 2006.
  • Board of Directors of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF), since 2005.
  • Chair of the Dr. E. Kits van Waveren Foundation, since 2005.
  • Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Botanic Garden Meise, since 1997.
  • Member and Chair (1997-2005) of the Board of the Alumni Society PDL (“Vereniging van Afgestudeerden in de Plantkunde en de Dierkunde van de Universiteit te Leuven”), since 1991.

Past activities:

  • Member of the Board of the C.T. De Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation (PE&RC); 2012-2021.
  • Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW); 2011-2021.
  • Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Natural History Museum Karlsruhe (SMNK); 2012-2018.
  • Member of the Committee of Scientific Advisors of the National Authority for Data concerning Nature (GAN); 2012-2015.
  • Member of the Board of ETI Bioinformatics; 2008-2013.
  • Board of Directors of the EU Network of Excellence “European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy”; 2006-2011.
  • Member, Vice-Chair (2008) and Chair (2009) of the Expert Panel Biodiversity and Ecology of The Research Foundation Flanders; 2000-2009.
  • Member of the Board of the Research School Biodiversity; 2005-2012.

Research
interest

Initially, I was fascinated by the huge diversity in floral morphology. Later, my research interests expanded into floral development, pollen morphology, fruit and seed morphology, and wood anatomy. Monographic studies, still crucial for the inventory of Earth’s biodiversity, also became a major topic in my research group. The introduction of molecular systematics provided a new framework to comprehend the evolutionary relationships of plants.

I strongly favor a multidisciplinary approach in which morphological features are combined with DNA sequence data and evolutionary developmental genetics (which I like to call molecular morphology) because integrative systematics will ultimately lead to better insights in the evolution of characters and in understanding the evolutionary history of flowering plants. 

impatiens
Diffuusporig hout

Current
topics

As scientific director and member of the management team of Naturalis one of my main duties is to make our motivated group of scientist more effective. Since a few years my direct participation in research is limited, and therefore all my PhD candidates are supervised by a very dedicated daily supervisor (co-promotor). It is very rewarding though to be involved in the PhD projects mentioned below because it enables me to stay connected with current research.

Ongoing PhD projects (preliminary titles)

  • Phylogeny and morphological evolution of Leucobryaceae Schimp. (Bryophyta, Dicranales). (Bonfim Santos, M.; co-promotor Stech, M.)
  • Patterns of epiphytic bryophyte diversity in Gede-Pangrango National Park, Java, Indonesia. (Iskander, E.; co-promotors Stech, M. & Mota de Oliveira, S.)
  • Genomic barcoding as a tool to trace and identify illegal logged African trees. (Mascarello, M.; co-promotor Janssens, S.)
  • The Evolution and development of orchid flowers and fruits. (Pramanik, D.; co-promotor Gravendeel, B.)
  • Herb hydraulics: testing the role of root pressure to unravel the dynamics of drought-induced vascular dysfunction in stems. (Thonglim, A.; co-promotor Lens, F.)
  • Unraveling evolutionary patterns in the microscopic wood anatomy of two tropical clades. (Beckers, V.; co-promotor Lens, F.)
  • Bina Swadaya in Klaten Regency: Knowledge and Use of a Community-Based Organisation for Sustainable Development in the Central Java Province, Indonesia. (Ismawan, B.; co-promotor Slikkerveer, J.)
  • Knowledge and Use of Traditional Food Plants among the Kitui People of Kenya: An Ethno-Agricultural Study in East Africa. (Maundu, P.; co-promotor Slikkerveer, J.)
  • Ijon in the Sunda Region of West Java: The Role of an Indigenous Agricultural Institution in Sustainable Community Development in Indonesia. (Dimas Isjwara, H.; co-promotor Slikkerveer, J.)

Key
publications

  • Beckers, V., Rapini, A., Smets, E. & F. Lens. 2022. Comparative wood anatomy and origin of woodiness in subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 71, 6: 1230-1250. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12790
  • Vrijdaghs, A., De Block, P., De Toni, K., Smets, E. & E. Robbrecht. 2022. Floral ontogeny links Dialypetalanthus (Condamineeae) with the floral developmental morphology of other Rubiaceae. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155, 3: 394-403. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84606
  • Ruchisansakun, S., Mertens, A., Janssens, S., Smets, E. & T. van der Niet. 2021. Evolution of pollination syndromes and corolla symmetry in Balsaminaceae reconstructed using phylogenetic comparative analyses. Annals of Botany 127, 2: 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa184
  • Vrijdaghs, A., Smets, E. & P. De Block. 2020. Different ways to obtain similar results: the development of the corolla and epipetaly in Rubieae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 153, 3: 466-486. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1764
  • Ochoterena, H., Vrijdaghs, A., Smets, E. & R. Claßen-Bockhoff. 2019. The search for common origin: homology revisited. Systematic Biology 68, 5: 767–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz013
  • Hoekstra, P., Wieringa, J., Smets, E. & L. Chatrou. 2018. Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts. Scientific Reports 8: 12066 DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-30607. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30607-2
  • Dirks-Mulder, A., Butôt, R., van Schaik, P., Wijnands, J.-W., van den Berg, R., Krol, L., Doebar, S., van Kooperen, K., de Boer, H., Kramer, E., Smets, E., Vos, R., Vrijdaghs, A. & B. Gravendeel. 2017. Exploring the evolutionary origin of floral organs of Erycina pusilla, an emerging orchid model system. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17, 89 (18 pages, 11 figs.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0938-7
  • Jeiter, J., Hilger, H., Smets, E. & M. Weigend. 2017. The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae. Annals of Botany 120, 5: 791-803. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx101

For a list of all my publications, see below.

PhD
supervision

Naturalis aims to be a breeding ground for international scientific talent. Therefore, PhD's have a special position in our organisation.
I acted as promotor (*co-promotor) of the following successfully defended PhD projects:

  • Atria, M. 2023. Systematics and biogeography of the rattan Calamus javensis complex (Arecaceae, Calamoideae) in Malesia. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Hoekstra, P.H. 2022.  Disentangling lianas. The systematics of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). PhD thesis Wageningen University.
  • Wati, R.K. 2021. Systematics, epidermal defense and bioprospecting of wild orchids. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Sinnesael, A. 2020. Bacterial leaf symbiosis. Origin, function, evolutionary gain, and transmission mode of bacteriophilous Rubiaceae. PhD thesis KU Leuven. 
  • Dirks-Mulder, A. 2020. Evolution and development of orchid flowers and fruits. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • *Jeiter, J. 2020. Evolution of floral organisation and architecture in Boraginales and Geraniales. PhD thesis University of Bonn.
  • de Bekker, J.C.M. 2020. Transcultural Health Care Utilisation in Serengeti of Tanzania: Towards Applied Ethnoscience in Public Health Management. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Dória, L.C. 2019. Functional xylem anatomy. Intra and interspecific variation in stems of herbaceous and woody species. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Bogarín Chaves, D. 2019. Evolutionary diversification and historical biogeography of Orchidaceae in Central America with emphasis on Costa Rica and Panama. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Saefullah, K. 2019. Gintingan in Subang: An indigenous institution for sustainable community-based development in the Sunda Region of West Java, Indonesia. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Erwina, W. 2019. Iber Kasehatan in Sukamiskin: Utilisation of the plural health information & communication system in the Sunda Region of West Java, Indonesia. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Ruchisansakun, S. 2018. Balsaminaceae in Southeast Asia. Systematics, Evolution, and Pollination Biology. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Schwallier, R. 2016. Evolutionary diversification of Nepenthes. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Semenova-Nelsen, T. 2016. Fungi of the greening Arctic: compositional and functional shifts in response to climatic changes. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Morgado, L. 2016. Peeking into the future: Fungi in the Greening Arctic. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Karremans, A. 2015. Systematic, phylogenetic and pollination studies of Specklinia (Orchidaceae). PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Mennes, C. 2015. Antiquities of the rainforest. Evolution of mycoheterotrophic angiosperms on Glomeromycota. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Lang, A. 2014. Phylogeny and species delimitation within the moss genus Dicranum Hedw.PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Towns, A. 2014. Fertility and Fontanels. Women’s knowledge of medicinal platns for reproductive health and childcare in western Africa. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Chaowasku, T. 2014. The Miliuseae revisited. Phylogenetic, taxonomic, and palynological studies in a major clade of Annonaceae. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Verstraete, B. 2013. Bacterial leaf endophytes in African Rubiaceae. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Caris, P. 2013. Bloemontogenetische patronen in de Ericales sensu lato. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Kok, P. 2013. Islands in the Sky: Species Diversity, Evolutionary History, and Patterns of Endemism of the Pantepui Herpetofauna. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • *Vekemans, D. 2012. Diversification of MADS-box genes in flowering plants. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Rabaey, D. 2012. Micromorphological study of pits in tracheary elements of woody angiosperms. PhD thesis KU Leuven. 
  • Appelhans, M. 2011. Phylogeny and biogeography of Spathelioideae (Rutaceae). PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Lemaire, B. 2011. Diversity and Evolution of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Leaf Nodulated Angiosperms. PhD thesis KU Leuven. 
  • Subedi, A. 2011. New species, pollinator interactions and pharmaceutical potential of Himalayan orchids. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Boedeker, C. 2010. Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical studies in the Pithophoraceae (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta). PhD thesis Leiden University. 
  • Pruesapan, K. 2010. The rise and fall of Sauropus (Phyllanthaceae). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Sauropus and allies. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • Van den Hof, K. 2010. Evolution of Viola stagnina and its sisterspecies by hybridization and polyploidization. PhD thesis Leiden University.
  • *Viaene, T. 2010. Evolution of ancient MADS-gene functions. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Jacobs, B. 2010. Fruits and seeds of Dipsacales. Morphology and evolution. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Tosh, J. 2009. Biogeography of Madagascan Rubiaceae: Case studies from the Afro-Madagascan genus Tricalysia and the pantropical genus Ixora. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Geeraerts, A. 2009. Phylogenetic reconstructions, morphological diversity and historical biogeography of Ebenaceae. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Groeninckx, I. 2009. Integrated study of the herbaceous Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). Systematics & Evolution. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Moon, H.-K. 2008. Systematic studies in Mentheae (Lamiaceae). Morphology, evolutionary aspects, phylogeny. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Merckx, V. 2008. Myco-heterotrophy in Dioscoreales. Systematics and evolution. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Janssens, S. 2008. Evolutionary studies in Balsaminaceae: integration of evidence from molecular and morphological data. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Vrijdaghs, A. 2006. A floral ontogenetic approach to homology questions in non-mapanioid Cyperaceae. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Geuten, K. 2006. Bayesian phylogenetics and perianth evolutionary developmental genetics of the balsaminoid Ericales. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Lens, F. 2005. Systematic significance of wood anatomical characters in Ericales. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Ntore, S. 2004. Contribution à la connaissance systématique du genre afrotropical Pauridiantha (Rubiaceae). PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Schols, P. 2004. Contributions to the palynology and phylogeny of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Dessein, S. 2003. Systematic studies in the Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Vinckier, S. 2003. Orbicules: morphology, ultrastructure, and development in Gentianales and their possible role as vector of allergens. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Vermoere, M. 2002. Holocene vegetation history in the territory of Sagalassos (southwest Turkey). A palynological approach. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Pyck, N. 2001. Phylogenetic relations within Dipsacales. A combined molecular and morphological approach. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Jansen, S. 2001. Comparative wood anatomy of the Rubiaceae and phylogenetic implications of aluminium hyperaccumulation and vestured pits in angiosperms. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Piesschaert, F. 2001 Carpology and pollen morphology of the Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). Towards a new tribal and generic delimitation. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Huysmans, S. 1998. Palynology of the Cinchonoideae (Rubiaceae). Morphology and development of pollen and orbicules. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Roels, P. 1998. Phylogenetic position and delimitation of the order Dipsacales. A multidisciplinary approach. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Stoffelen, P. 1998. Coffea and Psilanthus (Rubiaceae) in tropical Africa: a systematic and palynological study, including a revision of the West and Central African species. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • De Laet, J. 1997. A reconsideration of three-item analysis, the use of implied weights in cladistics, and a practical application in Gentianaceae. PhD thesis KU Leuven.
  • Ronse Decraene, L.-P. 1992. The androecium of the Magnoliophytina: characterisation and systematic importance. PhD thesis KU Leuven.

Teaching
activities

In 1999 I received a Teaching Certificate at the KU Leuven (Onderwijskundige Vorming Docenten), and in 2012 I obtained the Certificate Basic Teaching Qualification (BKO) from Leiden University).

Apart from some guest lectures, for example in the courses ‘Diversity of Algae, Fungi and Plants‘ (3rd Year Biology, KU Leuven) and ‘Plant Families of the Tropics’ (Masters Biology, Leiden University) I taught  ‘Anatomy’ in the course ‘Tree of Life’ (1st Year Biology, Leiden University) and ‘Evolutionary Developments’ in the minor ‘Biodiversity and Natural Environment’ (3rd Year Biology, Leiden University).

Public
outreach

On a regular basis I am invited to talk about Plant systematics, The classification of Flowering plants, or to introduce Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Examples of recent talks are:

  • Naturalis Biodiversity Center: Museum, Collection Infrastructure and Research Institute. Chiang Mai University, Thailand (2016).
  • Naturalis: More than a Museum. Visit Bachelor students of Wageningen University (2015)
  • Naturalis: Museum, Natural History Collection, and Research Institute. Leidse Kennisdag, Leiden (2015).
Camaridium

Publications

2023

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

2022

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Pramanik D., Spaans M., Kranenburg T., Bogarin D., Heijungs R., Lens F., Smets E., Gravendeel B. 2022. Inflorescence lignification of natural species and horticultural hybrids of Phalaenopsis orchids.. Scientia Horticulturae 295: 110845. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110845
2021

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Ruchisansakun S., Mertens A., Janssens S., Smets E.F., Niet T. van der 2021. Evolution of pollination syndromes and corolla symmetry in Balsaminaceae reconstructed using phylogenetic comparative analyses. Annals of Botany 127 (2) : 267-280. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa184
Mascarello M., Amalfi M., Asselman P., Smets E., Hardy O.J., Beeckman H., Janssens S.B. 2021. Genome skimming reveals novel plastid markers for the molecular identification of illegally logged African timber species. PLoS ONE 16 (6) : e0251655. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251655
Vijverberg K., Welten M., Kraaij M., Heuven B.J. van, Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2021. Sepal Identity of the Pappus and Floral Organ Development in the Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale; Asteraceae).. Plants 10: 26 p. 1682. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081682
Wati R.K., Graaf E.F. de, Bogarín D., Heijungs R., Vugt R. van, Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2021. Antimicrobial Activity of Necklace Orchids is Phylogenetically Clustered and can be Predicted With a Biological Response Method.. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11: 586345. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.586345
Wati R.K., Graaf E.F. de, Bogarín D., Heijungs R., Vugt R. van, Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2021. Antimicrobial Activity of Necklace Orchids is Phylogenetically Clustered and can be Predicted With a Biological Response Method. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11: 14 p. 586345. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.586345
Vijverberg K., Welten M., Kraaij M., Heuven B.J. van, Smets E., Gravendeel B. 2021. Sepal Identity of the Pappus and Floral Organ Development in the Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale; Asteraceae).. Plants 10 (8) : 1682. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081682
2020

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Borsch T., Berendsohn W., Dalcin E., Delmas M., Demissew S., Elliott A., Fritsch P., Fuchs A., Geltman D., Güner A., Haevermans T., Knapp S., Roux M.M. le, Loizeau P.-A., Miller C., Miller J., Miller J.T., Palese R., Paton A., Parnell J., Pendry C., Qin H.-N., Sosa V., Sosef M., Raab-Straube E. von, Ranwashe F., Raz L., Salimov R., Smets E., Thiers B., Thomas W., Tulig M., Ulate W., Ung V., Watson M., Wyse Jackson P., Zamora N. 2020. World Flora Online: Placing taxonomists at the heart of a definitive and comprehensive global resource on the world’s plants.. Taxon 69 (6) : 1311-1341. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12373
Schwallier R., Wely V. van, Baak M., Vos R., Heuven B.J. van, Smets E.F., Vugt R.R. van, Gravendeel B. 2020. Ontogeny and anatomy of the dimorphic pitchers of Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack. Plants 9 (11) : 1603. DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111603
Thonglim A., Delzon S., Larter M., Karami O., Rahimi A., Offringa R., Keurentjes J.J.B., Balazadeh S., Smets E., Lens F. 2020. Intervessel pit membrane thickness best explains variation in embolism resistance amongst stems of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Annals of Botany: mcaa196. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa196
Vrijdaghs A., Smets E., De Block, P. 2020. Different ways to obtain similar results: the development of the corolla and epipetaly in Rubieae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 153 (3) : 466-486. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1764
Pramanik D., Dorst N., Meesters N., Spaans M., Smets E.F., Welten M., Gravendeel B. 2020. Evolution and development of three highly specialized floral structures of bee-pollinated Phalaenopsis species. EvoDevo 11: 20 p. 16. DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-020-00160-z
Fijridiyanto I.A., Smets E., Arifiani D. 2020. Taxonomic revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography 65 (2) : 167-175. DOI https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.08
2019

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Dória L.C., Meijs C., Podadera D.S., del Arco M., Smets E., Delzon S., Lens F. 2019. Embolism resistance in stems of herbaceous Brassicaceae and Asteraceae is linked with differences in woodiness and precipitation. Annals of Botany 124: 1-13. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcy233
Sánchez-Del Pino I., Vrijdaghs A., De Block P., Flores-Olvera H., Smets E., Eliasson U. 2019. Floral development in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) with a focus on androecial tube and appendages. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 18 p. 315-332. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz017
Dirks-Mulder A., Ahmed I., Broek M. uit het, Krol L., Menger N., Snier J., Winzum A. van, Wolf A. de, Wout M. van 't, Zeegers J.J., Butot R., Heijungs R., Heuven B.J., Kruizinga J., Langelaan R., Smets E.F., Star W., Bemer M., Gravendeel B. 2019. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Orchid Fruit Development. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 137. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00137
Ochoterena H., Vrijdaghs A., Smets E, Claßen-Bockhoff R. 2019. The search for common origin: homology revisited. Systematic Biology 68 (5) : 14 p. 767-780. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz013
Bogarín D., Pérez-Escobar O., Karremans A., Fernández M., Kruizinga J., Pupulin F., Smets E., Gravendeel B. 2019. Phylogenetic comparative methods improve the selection of characters for generic delimitations in a hyperdiverse Neotropical orchid clade. Scientific Reports 9 (1) : 15098. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51360-0
Sinnesael A., Leroux O., Janssens S., Smets E., Panis B., Verstraete B. 2019. Is the bacterial leaf nodule symbiosis obligate for Psychotria umbellata? The development of a Burkholderia-free host plant. PLoS ONE 14 (7) : 18 p. e0219863. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219863
Bogarin D., Perez-Escobar O., Karremans A.P., Fernandez M., Kruizinga J., Pupulin F., Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2019. Phylogenetic comparative methods improve the selection of characters for generic delimitations in a hyperdiverse Neotropical orchid clade. Scientific Reports 9: 15098. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51360-0
2018

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Byng J., Smets E., Vugt R. van, Bidault E., Davidson C., Kenicer G., Chase M., Christenhusz M. 2018. The phylogeny of angiosperms poster: a visual summary of APG IV family relationships and floral diversity. The Global Flora 1: 4-31.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Sinnesael A., Eeckhout S., Janssens S., Smets E., Panis B., Leroux O., Verstraete B. 2018. Detection of Burkholderia in the seeds of Psychotria punctata (Rubiaceae). Microscopic evidence for vertical transmission in the leaf nodule symbiosis. PLOS ONE 13 (12) : e0209091. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209091
Hoekstra P.H., Wieringa J.J., Smets E., Chatrou L.W. 2018. Floral evolution by simplifcation in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts. Scientific Reports 8 (12066) : 12 p. 12066. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30607-2
Bogarin D., Fernandez M., Borkent A., Heemskerk A., Pupulin A., Ramirez S., Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2018. Pollination of Trichosalpinx (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 186 (4) : 510-543. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box087
Doria L.C., Podadera D.S., del Arco M., Chauvin T., Smets E., Delzon S., Lens F. 2018. Insular woody daisies (Argyranthemum, Asteraceae) are more resistant to drought-induced hydraulic failure than their herbaceous relatives. Functional Ecology 32: 1467-1478. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13085
Ruchisansakun S., Suksathan P., Van der Niet T., Smets E., Saw-Lwin, Janssens S. 2018. Three new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Myanmar. Phytotaxa 338 (1) : 63-74. DOI https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.5
Ruchisansakun S., Suksathan P., Niet T. van der, Smets E., Saw-Lwin, Janssens S. 2018. Balsaminaceae of Myanmar. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography 63 (3) : 199-267. DOI https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.01
Bogarín D., Perez-Escobar O.A., Groenenberg D., Holland S.D., Karremans A.P., Lemmon E.M., Lemmon A.R., Pupulin F., Smets E., Gravendeel B. 2018. Anchored hybrid enrichment generated nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial markers resolve the Lepanthes horrida (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 129: 27-47. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.014
2017

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Merckx V.S.F.T., Gomes, S.I.F., Wapstra M., Hunt C., Steenbeeke G., Mennes C.B., Walsh N., Smissen R., Hsieh T.-H., Smets E., Bidartondo M.I. 2017. The biogeographic history of the interaction between mycoheterotrophic Thismia (Thismiaceae) plants and mycorrhizal Rhizophagus (Glomeraceae) fungi. Journal of Biogeography 44: 1869-1879. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12994
Dirks-Mulder A., Butot R., Schaik P. van, Wijnands J.W.P.M., Berg R. van den, Krol L., Doebar S., Kooperen K. van, Boer H. de, Kramer E.M., Smets E.F., Vos R.A., Vrijdaghs A., Gravendeel B. 2017. Exploring the evolutionary origin of floral organs of Erycina pusilla, an emerging orchid model system. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 89. DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0938-7
Groeninckx I., Janssens S., Smets E., Verstraete B. 2017. Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar. European Journal of Taxonomy 312: 40 p. 1-40. DOI https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.312
Jeiter J., Hilger H., Smets E., Weigend M. 2017. The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae. Annals of Botany 120 (5) : 791-803. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx101
Hoekstra P.H., Wieringa J.J., Smets E., Brandão R.D., de Carvalho Lopes J., Erkens R.H.J., Chatrou L.W. 2017. Correlated evolutionary rates across genomic compartments in Annonaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 10 p. 63-72. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.026
2016

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Bogarín D., Pupulin F., Smets E., Gravendeel B. 2016. Evolutionary diversification and historical biogeography of the Orchidaceae in Central America with emphasis on Costa Rica and Panama. Lankesteriana 16 (2) : 189-200. DOI https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v16i2.26005

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Janssens S., Groeninckx I., Block P. de, Verstraete B., Smets E., Dessein S. 2016. Dispersing towards Madagascar: biogeography and evolution of the Madagascan endemics of the Spermacoceae tribe (Rubiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 95 (1) : 58-66. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.024
Lens F., Vos R., Charrier G., Niet T. van der, Merckx V., Baas P., Aguirre Gutierrez J., Jacobs B., Chacon Doria L., Smets E., Delzon S., Janssens S. 2016. Scalariform-to-simple transition in vessel perforation plates triggered by differences in climate during the evolution of Adoxaceae. Annals of Botany 118 (5) : 1043-1056. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw151
Morgado L.N., Semenova T.A., Welker J.M., Walker M.D., Smets E., Geml J. 2016. Long-term increase in snow depth leads to compositional changes in arctic ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. Global Change Biology 22 (9) : 3080–3096. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13294
Lemaire B., Chimphango S., Stirton C., Rafudeen S., Honnay O., Smets E., Chen W.M., Sprent J., James E., Muasya A. 2016. Biogeographical Patterns of Legume-Nodulating Burkholderia spp.: from African Fynbos to Continental Scales. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82 (17) : 5099-5115. DOI https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00591-16
Janssens S., Vandelook F., Langhe E. de, Verstraete B., Smets E., Vandenhouwe I., Swennen R. 2016. Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography of Musaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia. New Phytologist 210 (4) : 1453-1465. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13856
Lemaire B., Cauwenberghe J. van, Verstraete B., Chimphango S., Stirton C., Honnay O., Smets E., Sprent J., James E., Muasya A.M. 2016. Characterization of the papilionoid-Burkholderia interaction in the Fynbos biome: the diversity and distribution of beta-rhizobia nodulating Podalyria calyptrata (Fabaceae, Podalyrieae). Systematic And Applied Microbiology 39 (1) : 41-48. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2015.09.006
Semenova T.A., Morgado L.N., Welker J.M., Walker M.D., Smets E., Geml J. 2016. Compositional and functional shifts in arctic fungal communities in response to experimentally increased snow depth. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 100: 201-209. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.06.001
Hoehndorf R., Alshahrani M., Gkoutos G., Gosline G., Groom Q., Hamann T., Kattge J., Mota de Oliveira S., Schmidt M., Sierra S., Smets E., Vos R.. Weiland C. 2016. The flora phenotype ontology (FLOPO): tool for integrating morphological traits and phenotypes of vascular plants. Journal of Biomedical Semantics 7: 65. DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-016-0107-8
2015

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Janssens S.B., Sonké B., Lachenaud O., Lemaires B., Simo-Droissart M., Smets E. 2015. Morphology, molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Impatiens akomensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Cameroon. Plant Ecology and Evolution 148 (3) : 397-408. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.965
Vrijdaghs A., De Block P., Verstraete B., Groeninckx I., Smets E., Dessein S. 2015. A developmental model for the corolla in Rubiaceae. Cryptic character states in corollas of the Spermacoceae alliance. Plant Ecology and Evolution 148 (2) : 237-255. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.1088
Mennes C.B., Lam V.K.Y., Rudall P.J., Lyon S.P., Graham S.W., Smets E.F., Merckx V.S.F.T. 2015. Ancient Gondwana break-up explains the distribution of the mycoheterotrophic family Corsiaceae (Liliales). Journal of Biogeography 42 (6) : 1123-1136. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12486
Lemaire B,, Dlodlo O., Chimphango S., Stirton C., Schrire B., Boatwright J.S., Honnay O., Smets E., Sprent J., James E.K., Muasya A.M. 2015. Symbiotic diversity, specificity and distribution of rhizobia in native legumes of the Core Cape Subregion (South Africa). FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91 (2) : 1-17. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiu024
Semenova T.A., Morgado L.N., Welker J.M., Walker M.D., Smets E., Geml J. 2015. Long-term experimental warming alters community composition of ascomycetes in Alaskan moist and dry arctic tundra. warming alters ascomycete communities. Molecular Ecology 24 (2) : 424-437. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13045
Karremans A.P., Pupulin F., Grimaldi D., Beentjes K.K., Butôt R., Fazzi G.E., Kaspers K., Kruizinga J., Roessingh P., Smets E.F., Gravendeel B. 2015. Pollination of Specklinia by nectar-feeding Drosophila: the first reported case of a deceptive syndrome employing aggregation pheromones in Orchidaceae. Annals of Botany 116 (3) : 437-455. Oxford University Press. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv086
Mennes C.B., Moerland M.S., Rath M., Smets E.F., Merckx V.S.F.T. 2015. Evolution of mycoheterotrophy in Polygalaceae. American Journal of Botany 102 (4) : 598-608. DOI https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400549
Lemaire B., Cauwenberghe J. van, Chimphango S., Stirton C., Honnay O., Smets E., Muasya A.M. 2015. Recombination and horizontal transfer of nodulation and ACC deaminase (acdS) genes within Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria nodulating legumes of the Cape Fynbos biome. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91 (11) : fiv118. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv118
2014

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Aflitos S., Schijlen E., Finkers R., Smit S., Wang J., Zhang G., Li N., Mao L., Jong H. de, Bakker F., Gravendeel B., Breit T., Dirks R., Huits H., Struss D., Swanson-Wagner R., Leeuwen H. van, Ham R.C.H.J. van, Fito L., Guignier L., Sevilla M., Ellul P., Ganko E., Kapur A., Reclus E., Geus B. de, Geest H. van de, Lintel Hekkert B. te, Haarst J. van, Smits L., Koops A., Sanchez-Perez G., Heusden A.W. van, Visser R., Quan Z., Min J., Liao L., Wang X., Wang G., Yue Z., Yang X., Xu N., Schranz E., Smets E., Vos R.A., Rauwerda J., Ursem R., Schuit C., Kerns M., Berg J. van den, Vriezen W., Janssen A., Jahrmann T., Moquet F., Bonnet J., Peters S. 2014. Exploring genetic variation in the tomato (Solanum section Lycopersicon) clade by whole-genome sequencing. Plant Journal 80 (1) : 136-148. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12616
Vrijdaghs A., Flores-Olvera H., Smets E. 2014. Enigmatic floral structures in Alternanthera, Iresine, and Tidestromia (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae). A developmental homology assessment. Plant Ecology and Evolution 147 (1) : 49-66. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2014.893
Verstraete B., Peeters C., Wyk B. van, Smets E., Dessein S., Vandamme P. 2014. Intraspecific variation in Burkholderia caledonica: Europe vs. Africa and soil vs. endophytic isolates. Systematic And Applied Microbiology 37 (3) : 194-199. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.001
Volkmar U., Smets E.F., Lenz H., Janssens S.B. 2014. Intron evolution in a phylogenetic perspective: Divergent trends in the two copies of the duplicated def gene in Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 52 (2) : 134-148. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12070
Chaowasku T., Thomas D.C., Ham R.W.J.M. van der, Smets E.F., Mols J.B., Chatrou L.W. 2014. A plastid DNA phylogeny of tribe Miliuseae: insigts into relationships and character evolution in one of the most recalcitrant major clades of Annonaceae. American Journal of Botany 101 (4) : 691-709. DOI https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300403
Hamann T., Müller A., Roos M., Sosef M., Smets E. 2014. Detailed mark-up of semi-monographic legacy taxonomic works using FlorML. Taxon 63 (2) : 377-393. DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/632.11
Verstraete B., Moon H.-K., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2014. Orbicules in flowering plants: A phylogenetic perspective on their form and function. Botanical Review 80 (2) : 107-134. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-014-9135-1
2013

Chapters in book

Merckx V.S.F.T., Smets E.F., Specht C.D. 2013. Biogeography and Conservation.: 356 p. 103-156. Springer, New York.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Mennes C.B., Smets E.F., Moses S.N., Merckx V.S.F.T. 2013. New insights in the long-debated evolutionary history of Triuridaceae (Pandanales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69: 994-1004. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.031
Scholz A., Rabaey D., Stein A., Cochard H., Smets E., Jansen S. 2013. The evolution and function of vessel and pit characters with respect to cavitation resistance across 10 Prunus species. Tree Physiology 33 (7) : 684-694. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt050
Verstraete B., Janssens S., Lemaire B., Smets E., Dessein S. 2013. Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Botany 100 (12) : 2380-2387. DOI https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300303
Verstraete B., Lachenaud O., Smets E., Dessein S., Sonke B. 2013. Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Cuviera (Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae) and reinstatement of Globulostylis with the description of three new species. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3) : 407-441. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12062
Tosh J., Dessein S., Buerki S., Groeninckx I., Mouly A., Bremer B., Smets E.F., Block P. de 2013. Evolutionary history of the Afro-Madagascan Ixora species (Rubiaceae): species diversification and distribution of key morphological traits inferred from dated molecular phylogenetic trees. Annals of Botany 112 (9) : 1723-1742. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct222
Merckx V.S.F.T., Kissling J., Hentrich H., Janssens S.B., Mennes C.B., Specht C.D., Smets E.F. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of the mycoheterotrophic genus Voyria and the implications for the biogeographic history of Gentianaceae. American Journal of Botany 100 (4) : 712-721. DOI https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200330
2012

Chapters in book

Smets E. 2012. Prólogo, Voorwoord, Foreword.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Janssens S.B., Wilson Y.S., Yuan Y.-M., Nagels A., Smets E.F., Huysmans S. 2012. A total evidence approach using palynological characters to infer the complex evolutionary history of the Asian Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Taxon 61 (2) : 355-367.
Vinckier S.A., Janssens S.B., Huysmans S., Vandevenne A., Smets E.F. 2012. Pollen ontogeny linked to tapetal cell maturation in Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae). Grana 51 (1) : 10-24. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2011.650194
Merckx V.S.F.T., Janssens S.B., Hynson N.A., Specht C.D., Bruns T.D., Smets E.F. 2012. Mycoheterotrophic interactions are not limited to a narrow phylogenetic range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Molecular Ecology 21 (6) : 1524-1532. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05472.x
Lemaire B., Janssens S., Smets E., Dessein S. 2012. Endosymbiont Transmission Mode in Bacterial Leaf Nodulation as Revealed by a Population Genetic Study of Psychotria leptophylla. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78 (1) : 284-287. DOI https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.06130-11
Appelhans M.S., Kessler P.J.A., Smets E., Razafimandimbison S.G., Janssens S.B. 2012. Age and historical biogeography of the pantropically distributed Spathelioideae (Rutaceae, Sapindales). Journal of Biogeography 39 (7) : 1235-1250. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02686.x
Janssens S.B., Smets E.F., Vrijdaghs A. 2012. Floral development of Hydrocera and Impatiens reveals evolutionary trends in the most early diverged lineages of the Balsaminaceae. Annals of Botany 109 (7) : 1285-1296. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs065
Lemaire B., Lachenaud O., Persson C., Smets E., Dessein S. 2012. Screening for leaf-associated endophytes in the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae). FEMS Microbiology Ecology 81 (2) : 364-372. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01356.x
Gehrke B., Vrijdaghs A., Smets E., Muasya A.M. 2012. Unisexual flowers as a robust synapomorphy in Cariceae (Cyperaceae)? Evidence for bisexual flowers in Schoenoxiphium. South African Journal of Botany 78: 150-158. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.06.004
Lemaire B., Oevelen S. van, Block P. de, Verstraete B., Smets E., Prinsen E., Dessein S. 2012. Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf nodules of Pavetta (Rubiaceae). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62: 202-209. DOI https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.028019-0
2011

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Meester L. de, Tienderen P. van, Werger M., Hector A., Wörheide G., Niemelä J., Aguilar A., Smets E., Godfray C., Sutherland W., Bauhaus J., Courchamp F., Gandini G., Koch M., Le Maho Y., Manuel M., Pawlowski J., Quéinnec E., Owens I., Keustermans L. 2011. Challenges for biodiversity research in Europe. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences 13: 83-100.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Lemaire B., Huysmans S., Smets E., Merckx V. 2011. Rate accelerations in nuclear 18S rDNA of mycoheterotrophic and parasitic angiosperms. Journal of Plant Research 124 (5) : 561-576. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-010-0395-5
Lemaire B., Smets E., Dessein S. 2011. Bacterial leaf symbiosis in Ardisia (Myrsinoideae, Primulaceae): molecular evidence for host specificity. Research in Microbiology 162 (5) : 528-534. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.003
Vrijdaghs A., Reynders M., Muasya A.M., Larridon I., Goetghebeur P., Smets E.F. 2011. Morphology and development of spikelets and flowers in Cyperus and Pycreus (Cyperaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 144 (1) : 44-63. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.436
Appelhans M.S., Smets E., Razafimandimbison S.G., Haevermans T., Marle E.J. van, Couloux A., Rabarison H., Randrianarivelojosia M., Kessler P.J.A. 2011. Phylogeny, evolutionary trends and classification of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade: morphological and molecular insights. Annals of Botany 107 (8) : 1259-1277. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr076
Jacobs B., Geuten K., Pyck N., Huysmans S., Jansen S., Smets E. 2011. Unraveling the Phylogeny of Heptacodium and Zabelia (Caprifoliaceae): An Interdisciplinary Approach. Systematic Botany 36 (1) : 231-252. DOI https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553306
Janssens S.B., Dessein S., Smets E. 2011. Portrayal of Impatiens nzabiana (Balsaminaceae): a Morphological, Molecular and Biogeographic Study of a New Gabonese Species. Systematic Botany 36 (2) : 440-448. DOI https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569624
Flores-Olvera H., Vrijdaghs A., Ochoterena H., Smets E. 2011. The need to re-investigate the nature of homoplastic characters: an ontogenetic case study of the 'bracteoles' in Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae). Annals of Botany 108 (5) : 847-865. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr203
Verstraete B., Groeninckx I., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2011. Phylogenetic signal of orbicules at family level: Rubiaceae as case study. Taxon 60 (3) : 742-757.
Verstraete B., Elst D. van, Steyn H., Wyk B. van, Lemaire B., Smets E., Dessein S. 2011. Endophytic Bacteria in Toxic South African Plants: Identification, Phylogeny and Possible Involvement in Gousiekte. PLOS ONE 6 (4) : e19265. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019265
Lemaire B., Robbrecht E., Wyk B. van, Oevelen S. van, Verstraete B., Prinsen E., Smets E., Dessein S. 2011. Identification, origin, and evolution of leaf nodulating symbionts of Sericanthe (Rubiaceae). Journal of Microbiology 49 (6) : 935-941. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1163-5
2010

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Meester L. de, Tienderen P. van, Werger M., Hector A., Wörheide G., Niemelä J., Aguilar A., Smets E., Godfray C., Sutherland W., Bauhaus J., Courchamp F., Gandini G., Koch M., Le Maho Y., Manuel M., Pawlowski J., Quéinnec E., Owens I. 2010. Challenges for biodiversity research in Europe. Advice Paper 4: 18 p. 1-18. League of European Research Universities.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Huysmans S., Verstraete B., Smets E., Chatrou L.W. 2010. Distribution of orbicules in Annonaceae mirrors evolutionary trend in angiosperms. Plant Ecology and Evolution 143 (2) : 199-211. DOI https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2010.438
Appelhans M.S., Smets E., Baas P., Kessler P.J.A. 2010. Cneorum (Rutaceae) in Cuba? The solution to a 150 year old mystery. Taxon 59 (4) : 1126-1134.
Vrijdaghs A., Reynders M., Larridon I., Muasya A.M., Smets E., Goetghebeur P. 2010. Spikelet structure and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae): a monopodial general model based on ontogenetic evidence. Annals of Botany 105 (4) : 555-571. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq010
Groeninckx I., Briggs M., Davis A., Block P. de, Robbrecht E., Smets E., Dessein S. 2010. A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: Phialiphora (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae). Taxon 59 (6) : 1815-1829.
Moon H.-K., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2010. Phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae): The story of molecules and micromorphological characters. Taxon 59 (4) : 1065-1076.
Boedeker C., Eggert A., Immers A., Smets E. 2010. Global Decline of and Threats to Aegagropila linnaei, with Special Reference to the Lake Ball Habit. BioScience 60 (3) : 187-198. DOI https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.3.5
Groeninckx I., Ochoterena H., Smets E., Dessein S. 2010. Molecular phylogenetic and morphological study of Kohautia (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae), with the recognition of the new genus Cordylostigma. Taxon 59 (5) : 1457-1471.
Razafimandimbison S.G., Appelhans M.S., Rabarison H., Haevermans T., Rakotondrafara A., Rakotonandrasana S.R., Ratsimbason M., Labat J.-N., Kessler P.J.A., Smets E., Cruaud C., Couloux A., Randrianarivelojosia M. 2010. Implications of a molecular phylogenetic study of the Malagasy genus Cedrelopsis and its relatives (Ptaeroxylaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 (1) : 258-265. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.023
Groeninckx I., Block P. de, Robbrecht E., Smets E.F., Dessein S. 2010. Amphistemon and Thamnoldenlandia, two new genera of Rubiaceae (Spermacoceae) endemic to Madagascar. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (4) : 447-472. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01060.x
Jacobs B., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2010. Evolution and systematic value of fruit and seed characters in Adoxaceae (Dipsacales). Taxon 59 (3) : 850-866.
Jacobs B., Bell C., Smets E. 2010. Fruits and seeds of the Valeriana clade (Dipsacales): diversity and evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences 171 (4) : 421-434. DOI https://doi.org/10.1086/651243
2009

Chapters in book

Smets E. 2009. Streepjescodes van DNA.

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Bininda-Emonds O., Bogdanowicz W., Borsch T., Delsuc F., Hassanin A., Jondelius U., Peterson G., Renner S., Savolainen V., Seberg O., Smets E., Vogler A. 2009. Assembling the Tree of Life in Europe (AToLE). Nature Precedings 2891: 1-9.
Smets E., Pronk S. 2009. Nieuwe perspectieven voor systematisch onderzoek. Origin 5 (1) : 4-7.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Raes N., Mols J.B., Willemse L.P.M., Smets E.F. 2009. Georeferencing specimens by combining digitized maps with SRTM digital elevation data and satellite images: a Bornean case study. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography 54 (13) : 162-165. DOI https://doi.org/10.3767/000651909X475950
Moon H.-K., Hong S.-P., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2009. Phylogenetic significance of leaf micromorphology and anatomy in the tribe Mentheae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (2) : 211-231. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00979.x
Tosh J., Davis A.P., Dessein S., Block P., Huysmans S., Fay M.F., Smets E., Robbrecht E. 2009. Phylogeny of Tricalysia (Rubiaceae) and its relationships with allied genera based on plastid DNA data: resurrection of the genus Empogona. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96 (1) : 194-213. DOI https://doi.org/10.3417/2006202
Viaene T., Vekemans D., Irish V.F., Geeraerts A., Huysmans S., Janssens S., Smets E., Geuten K. 2009. Pistillata-Duplications as a Mode for Floral Diversification in (Basal) Asterids. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26 (11) : 2627-2645. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp18l
Vrijdaghs A., Muasya A.M., Goetghebeur P., Caris P., Nagels A., Smets E. 2009. A Floral Ontogenetic Approach to Questions of Homology within the Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae). Botanical Review 75 (1) : 30-51. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-008-9021-9
Janssens S.B., Knox E.B., Dessein S., Smets E.F. 2009. Impatiens msisimwanensis (Balsaminaceae): Description, pollen morphology and phylogenetic position of a new East African species. South African Journal of Botany 75 (1) : 104-109. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.08.003
Janssens S.B., Knox E.B., Huysmans S., Smets E.F., Merckx V.S.F.T. 2009. Rapid radiation of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) during Pliocene and Pleistocene: Result of a global climate change. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (3) : 806-824. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.013
Geeraerts A., Raeymaekers J.A.M., Vinckier S., Pletsers A., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2009. Systematic palynology in Ebenaceae with focus on Ebenoideae: Morphological diversity and character evolution. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 153 (34) : 336-353. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.10.001
Moon H.-K., Hong S.-P., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2009. Micromorphology and Character Evolution of Nutlets in Tribe Mentheae (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae). Systematic Botany 34 (4) : 760-776. DOI https://doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139592
Muasya A.M., Vrijdaghs A., Simpson D.A., Chase M.W., Goetghebeur P., Smets E. 2009. What is a Genus in Cypereae: Phylogeny, Character Homology Assessment and Generic Circumscription in Cypereae. Botanical Review 75 (1) : 52-66. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-008-9018-4
Muasya A.M., Simpson D.A., Verboom G.A., Goetghebeur P., Naczi R.F.C., Chase M.W., Smets E. 2009. Phylogeny of Cyperaceae Based on DNA Sequence Data: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Botanical Review 75 (1) : 2-21. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-008-9019-3
Groeninckx I., Dessein S., Ochoterena H., Person C., Motley T.J., Karehed J., Bremer B., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2009. Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96 (1) : 109-132. DOI https://doi.org/10.3417/2006201
Nagels A., Muasya A.M., Huysmans S., Vrijdaghs A., Smets E., Vinckier S. 2009. Palynological diversity and major evolutionary trends in Cyperaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 277 (12) : 117-142. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0111-2
Groeninckx I., Block P. de, Rakotonasolo F., Smets E., Dessein S. 2009. Rediscovery of Malagasy Lathraeocarpa allows determination of its taxonomic position within Rubiaceae. Taxon 58 (1) : 209-226.
2008

Chapters in book

Smets E. 2008. Preface.
Smets E. 2008. Kiezen voor Systematiek.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Moon H.-K., Vinckier S., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2008. Comparative pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Mentheae subtribe Nepetinae (Lamiaceae). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 149 (34) : 174-186. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.12.001
Rabaey D., Huysmans S., Lens F., Smets E., Jansen S. 2008. Micromorphology and systematic distribution of pit membrane thickenings in Oleaceae: tori and pseudo-tori. IAWA Journal 29 (4) : 409-424.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429536
Moon H.-K., Vinckier S., Walker J.B., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2008. A search for phylogenetically informative pollen characters in the subtribe Salviinae (Mentheae : Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 169 (3) : 455-471. DOI https://doi.org/10.1086/526463
Janssens S.B., Viaene T., Huysmans S., Smets E.F., Geuten K.P. 2008. Selection on length mutations after frameshift can explain the origin and retention of the AP3/DEF-like paralogues in Impatiens. Journal of Molecular Evolution 66 (5) : 424-435. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-008-9085-5
Flores Olvera H., Smets E., Vrijdaghs A. 2008. Floral and inflorescence morphology and ontogeny in Beta vulgaris, with special emphasis on the ovary position. Annals of Botany 102 (4) : 643-651. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn140
Nagels A., Muasya A. M., Huysmans S., Vrijdaghs A., Smets E., Vinckier S. 2008. Pollen diversity in Cyperaceae. South African Journal of Botany 74 (2) : 374-374. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.087
Lens F., Karehed J., Baas P., Jansen S., Rabaey D., Huysmans S., Hamann T., Smets E. 2008. The wood anatomy of the polyphyletic Icacinaceae s.l., and their relationships within asterids. Taxon 57 (2) : 525-552.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424648
Jacobs B., Donoghue M.J., Bouman F., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2008. Evolution and phylogenetic importance of endocarp and seed characters in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 169 (3) : 409-431. DOI https://doi.org/10.1086/526468
Merckx V., Schols P., Geuten K., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships in Nartheciaceae (Dioscoreales), with focus on pollen and orbicule morphology. Belgian Journal of Botany 141 (1) : 64-77.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/449539
Moon H.-K., Vinckier S., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2008. Palynological evolutionary trends within the tribe Mentheae with special emphasis on subtribe Menthinae (Nepetoideae: Lamiaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 275 (12) : 93-108. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0042-y
2007

Chapters in book

Kessler P.J.A., Mols J.B. 2007. Annonaceae of Papua.: 349-354. ISBN 0794603939.
Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Figuren Morfologie.: 142 p. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Cursustekst Morfologie.: 114 p. IV-114. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
Lens F., Jacobs B., Jansen S., Smets E. 2007. Practicumhandleiding Morfologie en Anatomie.: 94 p. III-94. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
Caris P., Jacobs B., Smets E. 2007. Practicumhandleiding Fysiologie.: I-28. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Cursustekst Fysiologie.: 120 p. III-120. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.

Books as editor

Smets E. (ed.) 2007. Algemene Plantkunde: Morfologie en Fysiologie.: 518 p. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.

Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

Gravendeel B., Baas P., Smets E. 2007. Herbaria in Nederland: van blijvend belang voor het behoud van biodiversiteit. Gewina: Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek 30 (3) : 153-161.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Muasya A.M., Simpson D.A., Smets E. 2007. Isolepis levynsiana, a new name for Cyperus tenellus (Cyperaceae). Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 17 (1) : 59-59.
Verellen J., Dessein S., Razafimandimbison S.G., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2007. Pollen morphology of the tribes Naucleeae and Hymenodictyeae (Rubiaceae-Cinchonoideae) and its phylogenetic significance. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (3) : 329-341. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00604.x
Janssens S., Geuten K., Viaene T., Yuan Y.-M., Song Y., Smets E. 2007. Phylogenetic utility of the AP3/DEF K-domain and its molecular evolution in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (1) : 225-239. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.016
Geuten K., Massingham T., Darius P., Smets E., Goldman N. 2007. Experimental design criteria in phylogenetics: Where to add taxa. Systematic Biology 56 (4) : 609-622. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701499563
Groeninckx I., Vrijdaghs A., Huysmans S., Smets E., Dessein S. 2007. Floral ontogeny of the afro-madagascan genus Mitrasacmopsis with comments on the development of superior ovaries in rubiaceae. Annals of Botany 100 (1) : 41-49. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm085
2006

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Merckx V., Schols P., Maas-van de Kamer H., Maas P., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2006. Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany 93 (11) : 1684-1698.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407317
Janssens S., Geuten K., Yuan Y.M., Song Y., Kupfer P., Smets E. 2006. Phylogenetics of impatiens and Hydrocera (Balsaminaceae) using chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer sequences. Systematic Botany 31 (1) : 171-180.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407352
Dessein S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2006. A new Heterophyllous Spermacoce species (Rubiaceae) from the Marungu highlands, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 16 (2) : 231-234.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407334
Vinckier S., Cadot P., Grote M., Ceuppens J.L., Smets E. 2006. Orbicules do not significantly contribute to the allergenic micro-aerosol emitted from birch trees. Allergy 61 (10) : 1243-1244. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-995.2006.01156.x
Vrijdaghs A., Goetghebeur P., Smets E., Muasya A.M. 2006. The floral scales in Hellmuthia (Cyperaceae, Cyperoideae) and Paramapania (Cyperaceae, Mapanioideae): An ontogenetic study. Annals of Botany 98 (3) : 619-630. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl138
Geuten K., Becker A., Kaufmann K., Caris P., Janssens S., Viaene T., Theissen G., Smets E. 2006. Petaloidy and petal identity MADS-box genes in the balsaminoid genera Impatiens and Marcgravia. Plant Journal 47 (4) : 501-518. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02800.x
Vaes E., Vrijdaghs A., Smets E.F., Dessein S. 2006. Elaborate petals in Australian Spermacoce (Rubiaceae) species: Morphology, ontogeny and function. Annals of Botany 98 (6) : 1167-1178. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl209
2005

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Dessein S., Ochoterena H., Block P. de, Lens F., Robbrecht E., Schols P., Smets E., Vinckier S., Huysmans S. 2005. Palynological characters and their phylogenetic signal in Rubiaceae. Botanical Review 71 (3) : 354-414.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407298
Dessein S., Andersson L., Geuten K., Smets E., Robbrecht E. 2005. Gomphocalyx and Phylohydrax (Rubiaceae): sister taxa excluded from Spermacoceae s.s., featuring a remarkable case of convergent evolution. Taxon 54 (1) : 91-107.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407302
Wilkin P., Schols P., Chase M.W., Chayamarit K., Furness C.A., Huysmans S., Rakotonasolo F., Smets E., Thapyai C. 2005. A plastid gene phylogeny of the yam genus, Dioscorea: Roots, fruits and Madagascar. Systematic Botany 30 (4) : 736-749.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407311
Vinckier S., Cadot P., Smets E. 2005. The manifold characters of orbicules: structural diversity, systematic significance, and vectors for allergens. Grana 44 (4) : 300-307. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130510031654
Vrijdaghs A., Goetghebeur P., Muasya A.M., Caris P., Smets E. 2005. Floral ontogeny in Ficinia and Isolepis (Cyperaceae), with focus on the nature and origin of the gynophore. Annals of Botany 96 (7) : 1247-1264. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci276
Vrijdaghs A., Caris P., Goetghebeur P., Smets E. 2005. Floral ontogeny in Scirpus, Eriophorum and Dulichium (Cyperaceae), with special reference to the perianth. Annals of Botany 95 (7) : 1199-1209. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci132
Dessein S., Harwood R., Smets E., Robbrecht E. 2005. Pollen of the Spermacoce (Rubiaceae) species from the Northern Territory of Australia: morphology and taxonomic significance. Australian Systematic Botany 18 (4) : 367-382. DOI https://doi.org/10.1071/SB03025
2004

Chapters in book

Pyck N., Geuten K. Smets E. 2004. Combining two chloroplast genes with morphological traits – A case study in Dipsacales.: 1-39.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

D'Hondt C., Schols P., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2004. Systematic relevance of pollen and orbicule characters in the tribe Hillieae (Rubiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (3) : 303-321. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00336.x
Geuten K., Smets E., Schols P., Yuan Y.M., Janssens S., Kupfer P., Pyck N. 2004. Conflicting phylogenies of balsaminoid families and the polytomy in Ericales: combining data in a Bayesian framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 (2) : 711-729. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.014
Jansen S., Baas P., Gasson P., Lens F., Smets E. 2004. Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (23) : 8833-8837.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423503
Vrijdaghs A., Goetghebeur P., Muasya A., Smets E., Caris P. 2004. The nature of the perianth in Fuirena (Cyperaceae). South African Journal of Botany 70 (4) : 587-594.
Verellen J., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2004. The remarkable genus Coptosapelta (Rubiaceae): pollen and orbicule morphology and systematic implications. Journal of Plant Research 117 (1) : 57-68. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-003-0128-0
Choat B., Jansen S., Zwieniecki M.A., Smets E., Holbrook N.M. 2004. Changes in pit membrane porosity due to deflection and stretching: the role of vestured pits. Journal of Experimental Botany 55 (402) : 1569-1575. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh173
Lens F., Kron K.A., Luteyn J.L., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Comparative wood anatomy of the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae s.l). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 91 (4) : 566-592.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423810
Caris P.L., Smets E.F. 2004. A floral ontogenetic study on the sister group relationship between the genus Samolus (Primulaceae) and the Theophrastaceae. American Journal of Botany 91 (5) : 627-643. DOI https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.5.627
Pyck N., Smets E. 2004. On the systematic position of Triplostegia (Dipsacales): A combined molecular and morphological approach. Belgian Journal of Botany 137 (2) : 125-139. DOI https://doi.org/10.2307/20794547
Schols P., Es K., D'hondt C., Merckx V., Smets E., Huysmans S. 2004. A new enzyme-based method for the treatment of fragile pollen grains collected from herbarium material. Taxon 53 (3) : 777-782.
Lens F., Luteyn J.L., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Ecological trends in the wood anatomy of Vaccinioideae (Ericaceae s.l.). Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 199 (4) : 309-319.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424624
Lens F., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Comparative wood anatomy of Andromedeae s.s., Gaultherieae, Lyonieae and Oxydendreae (Vaccinioideae, Ericaceae s.l.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144 (2) : 161-179.
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424620
Yuan Y.M., Song Y., Geuten K., Rahelivololona E., Wohlhauser S., Fischer E., Smets E., Kupfer P. 2004. Phylogeny and biogeography of Balsaminaceae inferred from ITS sequences. Taxon 53 (2) : 391-403. DOI https://doi.org/10.2307/4135617
2003

Chapters in book

Jansen S., Smets E., Haridasan M. 2003. Aluminum accumulating plants.: 11-13.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Schols P., Furness C.A., Wilkin P., Smets E., Cielen V., Huysmans S. 2003. Pollen morphology of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) and its relation to systematics. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (4) : 375-390.
Jansen S., Baas P., Gasson P., Smets E. 2003. Vestured pits: Do they promote safer water transport? International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 (3) : 405-413.
Huysmans S., Dessein S., Smets E., Robbrecht E. 2003. Pollen morphology of NW European representatives confirms monophyly of Rubieae (Rubiaceae). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 127 (34) : 219-240. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00121-0
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2003. Morphological and ultrastructural diversity of orbicules in gentianaceae. Annals of Botany 92 (5) : 657-672. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg187
Dessein S., Ntore S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2003. Pollen and seeds reveal that Spermacoce thymoidea s.l. (African Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae) represents three endemic or disjunct species from the Zambezian high plateaus. Systematic Botany 28 (1) : 130-144.
Jansen S., Watanabe T., Dessein S., Smets E., Robbrecht E. 2003. A comparative study of metal levels in leaves of some Al-accumulating Rubiaceae. Annals of Botany 91 (6) : 657-663. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg071
Vermoere M., Vanhecke L., Waelkens M., Smets E. 2003. Modern and ancient olive stands near Sagalassos (south-west Turkey) and reconstruction of the ancient agricultural landscape in two valleys. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 12 (3) : 217-236.
Ntore S., Robbrecht E., Smets E., Dessein S. 2003. Revision of Pauridiantha paucinervis and its closest relatives (Rubiaceae, Pauridiantheae). Belgian Journal of Botany 136 (1) : 73-90.
2002

Chapters in book

Mészáros S., Laet J. de, Goethals V., Smets E., Nilsson S. 2002. Cladistics of Gentianaceae: a morphological approach.: 310-376.
Bouman F., Cobb L., Devente N., Goethals V., Maas P.J.M., Smets E. 2002. The seeds of Gentianaceae.: 498-572.
Smets E. 2002. De parabel van de roos en de brandnetel: Naar een nieuwe indeling van de bloemplanten.: 211-230.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Jansen S., Broadley M.R., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2002. Aluminum hyperaccumulation in angiosperms: A review of its phylogenetic significance. Botanical Review 68 (2) : 235-269.
Schols P., Dessein S., D'Hondt C., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2002. Carnoy: a new digital measurement tool for palynology. Grana 41 (2) : 124-126.
Decraene L.P.R., Linder H.P., Smets E.F. 2002. Ontogeny and evolution of the flowers of South African Restionaceae with special emphasis on the gynoecium. Plant Systematics and Evolution 231 (14) : 225-258.
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2002. Morphological and ultrastructural diversity of orbicules in relation to evolutionary tendencies in Apocynaceae s.l.. Annals of Botany 90 (5) : 647-662. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf243
Pyck N., Lysebetten A. van, Stessens J., Smets E. 2002. The phylogeny of Patrinieae sensu Graebner (Valerianaceae) revisited: additional evidence from ndhF sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution 233 (12) : 29-46.
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2002. Systematic importance of orbicule diversity in Gentianales. Grana 41 (3) : 158-182.
Caris P., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E., Clinckemaillie D. 2002. The uncertain systematic position of Symplocos (Symplocaceae): Evidence from a floral ontogenetic study. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163 (1) : 67-74.
Decraene L.P.R., Yang T.Y.A., Schols P., Smets E.F. 2002. Floral anatomy and systematics of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139 (1) : 29-45.
Vermoere M., Thuyne T. van, Six S., Vanhecke L., Waelkens M., Paulissen E., Smets E. 2002. Late Holocene local vegetation dynamics in the marsh of Gravgaz (southwest Turkey). Journal of Paleolimnology 27 (4) : 429-451.
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2002. Morphology, ultrastructure and typology of orbicules in Loganiaceae s.l. and related genera, in relation to systematics. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 119 (34) : 161-189.
Dessein S., Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2002. A new species of Spermacoce (Rubiaceae) from the Manika high plateau (Katanga; RD Congo). Nordic Journal of Botany 22 (5) : 513-523.
Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Beeckman H., Smets E. 2002. A survey of the systematic wood anatomy of the Rubiaceae. IAWA Journal 23 (1) : 1-67.
Dessein S., Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2002. Pollen of African Spermacoce species (Rubiaceae) - Morphology and evolutionary aspects. Grana 41 (2) : 69-89.
Vermoere M., Bottema S., Vanhecke L., Waelkens M., Paulissen E., Smets E. 2002. Palynological evidence for late-Holocene human occupation recorded in two wetlands in SW Turkey. Holocene 12 (5) : 569-584. DOI https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683602hl568rp
Jansen S., Watanabe T., Smets E. 2002. Aluminium accumulation in leaves of 127 species in Melastomataceae, with comments on the order Myrtales. Annals of Botany 90 (1) : 53-64. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf142
2001

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Piesschaert F., Jansen S., Jaimes I., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2001. Morphology, anatomy, and taxonomic position of Pagameopsis (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). Brittonia 53 (4) : 490-504.
Schols P., Furness C.A., Wilkin P., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2001. Morphology of pollen and orbicules in some Dioscorea species and its systematic implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 136 (3) : 295-311. DOI https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.2000.0436
Dessein S., Andersson L., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2001. Hekistocarpa (Rubiaceae): a member of an emended tribe Virectarieae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 229 (12) : 59-78.
Decraene L.P.R., Linder H.P., Dlamini T., Smets E.F. 2001. Evolution and development of floral diversity of Melianthaceae, an enigmatic southern African family. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162 (1) : 59-82.
Vermoere M., Vanhecke L., Waelkens M., Smets E. 2001. Modern pollen studies in the territory of Sagalassos (Southwest Turkey) and their use in the interpretation of a Late Holocene pollen diagram. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 114 (12) : 29-+.
El-Ghazaly G., Huysmans S., Smets E.F. 2001. Pollen development of Rondeletia odorata (Rubiaceae). American Journal of Botany 88 (1) : 14-30.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 2001. Staminodes: Their morphological and evolutionary significance. Botanical Review 67 (3) : 351-402.
Jansen S., Baas P., Smets E. 2001. Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots. Taxon 50 (1) : 135-167.
Decraene L.P.R., Linder P.H., Smets E.F. 2001. Floral ontogenetic evidence in support of the Willdenowia clade of South African Restionaceae. Journal of Plant Research 114 (1115) : 329-342.
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2001. A survey of the presence and morphology of orbicules in European allergenic angiosperms. Background information for allergen research. Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 79 (7) : 757-766.
Dessein S., Jansen S., Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2001. A morphological and anatomical survey of Virectaria (African Rubiaceae), with a discussion of its taxonomic position. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1) : 1-29.
Baas P., Jansen S., Smets E. 2001. Vegetative anatomy and affinities of Dirachma socotrana (Dirachmaceae). Systematic Botany 26 (2) : 231-241.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 2001. Floral developmental evidence for the systematic relationships of Tropaeolum (Tropaeolaceae). Annals of Botany 88 (5) : 879-892.
Vinckier S., Smets E. 2001. The potential role of orbicules as a vector of allergens. Allergy 56 (12) : 1129-1136.
Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2001. Patterns in pyrenes: the systematic significance of pyrene morphology in Chassalia (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae) and related genera. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 196 (2) : 121-131.
2000

Chapters in book

Schroyen K., Vermoere M., Librecht I., Degryse P., Muchez Ph., Viaene W., Smets E., Paulissen E., Keppens E., Waelkens M. 2000. Preliminary study of travertine deposits in the vicinity of Sagalassos: petrography, geochemistry, geomorphology and palynology.: 757-781.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Dessein S., Scheltens A., Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2000. Pollen morphological survey of Pentas (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae) and its closest allies. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 112 (4) : 189-205.
Jansen S., Dessein S., Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2000. Aluminium accumulation in leaves of Rubiaceae: Systematic and phylogenetic implications. Annals of Botany 85 (1) : 91-101.
Vermoere M., Vanhecke L., Waelkens M., Smets E. 2000. A comparison between modern pollen spectra of moss cushions and Cundill pollen traps - Implications for the interpretation of fossil pollen data from Southwest Turkey. Grana 39 (23) : 146-158.
Vinckier S., Huysmans S., Smets E. 2000. Morphology and ultrastructure of orbicules in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 108 (34) : 151-174.
Caris P., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E., Clinckemaillie D. 2000. Floral development of three Maesa species, with special emphasis on the position of the genus within Primulales. Annals of Botany 86 (1) : 87-97.
Jansen S., Piesschaert F., Smets E. 2000. Wood anatomy of Elaeagnaceae, with comments on vestured pits, helical thickenings and systematic relationships. American Journal of Botany 87 (1) : 20-28.
Petanidou T., Goethals V., Smets E. 2000. Nectary structure of Labiatae in relation to their nectar secretion and characteristics in a Mediterranean shrub community - Does flowering time matter? Plant Systematics and Evolution 225 (14) : 103-118.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 2000. Floral development of Galopina tomentosa with a discussion of sympetaly and placentation in the Rubiaceae. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70 (1) : 155-170.
Huysmans S., El-Ghazaly G., Smets E. 2000. Orbicules: still a well-hidden secret of the anther. Wenner-Gren International Series 77: 201-212.
Piesschaert F., Smets E. 2000. Catholic University of Leuven donates main part of herbarium LV to BR. Taxon 49 (1) : 130.
Jansen S., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 2000. On the wood and stem anatomy of Monococcus echinophorus (Phytolaccaceae s.l.). Systematics and Geography of Plants 70 (1) : 171-179.
Vermoere M., Smets E., Waelkens M., Vanhaverbeke H., Librecht I., Paulissen E., Vanhecke L. 2000. Late Holocene environmental change and the record of human impact at Gravgaz near Sagalassos, Southwest Turkey. Journal of Archaeological Science 27 (7) : 571-595.
Piesschaert F., Andersson L., Jansen S., Dessein S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2000. Searching for the taxonomic position of the African genus Colletoecema (Rubiaceae): morphology and anatomy compared to an rps16-intron analysis of the Rubioideae. Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 78 (3) : 288-304.
Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Beeckman H., Smets E. 2000. Aluminium accumulation in Rubiaceae: An additional character for the delimitation of the subfamily Rubioideae? IAWA Journal 21 (2) : 197-212.
Piesschaert F., Huysmans S., Jaimes I., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 2000. Morphological evidence for an extended tribe - Coccocypseleae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). Plant Biology 2 (5) : 536-546.
Decraene L.P.R., Linder H.P., Smets E.F. 2000. The questionable relationship of Montinia (Montiniaceae): Evidence from a floral ontogenetic and anatomical study. American Journal of Botany 87 (10) : 1408-1424.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E., Clinckemaillie D. 2000. Floral ontogeny and anatomy in Koelreuteria with special emphasis on monosymmetry and septal cavities. Plant Systematics and Evolution 223 (12) : 91-107.
Jansen S., Baas P., Smets E 2000. Vestured pits in Malvales s.l.: a character with taxonomic significance hidden in the secondary xylem. Taxon 49 (2) : 169-182.
Decraene L.P.R., Hong S.P., Smets E. 2000. Systematic significance of fruit morphology and anatomy in tribes Persicarieae and Polygoneae (Polygonaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (12) : 301-337.
Pyck N., Smets E. 2000. A search for the phylogenetic position of the seven-son flower (Heptacodium, Dipsacales): combining molecular and morphological evidence. Plant Systematics and Evolution 225 (14) : 185-199.
Jansen S., Smets E. 2000. Morphology, distribution and systematic importance of vestures in the Gentianales. Wenner-Gren International Series 77: 277-296.
1999

Chapters in book

Piesschaert F., Assche J. van, Smets E. 1999. Biogeochemische cycli.: 17-28.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1999. The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 77 (4) : 582-598.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1999. Similarities in floral ontogeny and anatomy between the genera Francoa (Francoaceae) and Greyia (Greyiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 160 (2) : 377-393.
Laet J. de, Smets E. 1999. Data decisiveness, missing entries, and the DD index. Cladistics 15 (1) : 25-37.
Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Poulsen A.D., Smets E. 1999. The tropical African Geophila ingens (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae) reinvestigated. Nordic Journal of Botany 19 (1) : 87-92.
Piesschaert F., Jansen S., Huysmans S., Smets E., Robbrecht E 1999. Chassalia petitiana (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae), an overlooked epiphytic species hidden in the African canopy. Systematic Botany 24 (3) : 315-322.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1999. A new species of Coffea (Rubiaceae) from central Africa, with notes on tentative other taxa. Systematics and Geography of Plants 69 (1) : 119-124.
Vermoere M., Degryse P., Vanhecke L., Muchez P., Paulissen E., Smets E., Waelkens M. 1999. Pollen analysis of two travertine sections in Baskoy (southwestern Turkey): implications for environmental conditions during the early Holocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 105 (12) : 93-+.
Waelkens M., Paulissen E., Vermoere M., Degryse P., Celis D., Schroyen K., Cupere B. de, Librecht I., Nackaerts K., Vanhaverbeke H., Viaene W., Muchez P., Ottenburgs R., Deckers S., Neer W. van, Smets E., Govers G., Verstraeten G., Steegen A., Cauwenberhs K. 1999. Man and environment in the territory of Sagalassos, a classical city in SW Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 18 (45) : 697-709.
Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Poulsen A.D., Smets E. 1999. Pyrene and pollen observations in the pantropical genus Geophila (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Nordic Journal of Botany 19 (1) : 93-100.
Pyck N., Roels P., Smets E. 1999. Tribal relationships in Caprifoliaceae: evidence from a cladistic analysis using ndhF sequences. Systematics and Geography of Plants 69 (2) : 145-159.
Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1999. Chassalia subcordatifolia, a new combination in African Rubiaceae (Rubioideae, Psychotrieae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 69 (2) : 189-194.
Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Delprete P., Smets E. 1999. Pollen morphological support for the Catesbaeeae-Chiococceae-Exostema-complex (Rubiaceae). Grana 38 (6) : 325-338.
Decraene L.P.R., Volgin S.A., Smets E.F. 1999. The floral development of Pleuropetalum darwinii, an anomalous member of the Amaranthaceae. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 194 (2) : 189-199.
1998

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Hong S.P., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1998. Systematic significance of tepal surface morphology in tribes Persicarieae and Polygoneae (Polygonaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127 (2) : 91-116.
Laet J. de, Smets E. 1998. On the three-taxon approach to parsimony analysis. Cladistics 14 (4) : 363-381.
Jansen S., Kitin P., Pauw H. de, Idris M., Beeckman H., Smets E. 1998. Preparation of wood specimens for transmitted light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Belgian Journal of Botany 131 (1) : 41-49.
Huysmans S., El-Ghazaly G., Smets E. 1998. Orbicules in angiosperms: Morphology, function, distribution, and relation with tapetum types. Botanical Review 64 (3) : 240-272.
Jansen S., Smets E., Baas P. 1998. Vestures in woody plants: A review. IAWA Journal 19 (4) : 347-382.
Laet J. de, Smets E. 1998. On the TTSC-FTSC formulation of standard parsimony. Cladistics 14 (3) : 239-248.
Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1998. A collapsed tribe revisited: pollen morphology of the Isertieae (Cinchonoideae-Rubiaceae). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 104 (2) : 85-113.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F., Vanvinckenroye P. 1998. Pseudodiplostemony, and its implications for the evolution of the androecium in the Caryophyllaceae. Journal of Plant Research 111 (1101) : 25-43.
Rutishauser R., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E., Mendoza-Heuer I. 1998. Theligonum cynocrambe: Developmental morphology of a peculiar rubiaceous herb. Plant Systematics and Evolution 210 (12) : 1-24.
Decraene L.P.R., Laet J. de, Smets E.F. 1998. Floral development and anatomy of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae): What is the evidence for a capparalean or sapindalean affinity? Annals of Botany 82 (3) : 273-284.
Decraene L.P.R., Roels P., Smets E.F., Backlund A. 1998. The floral development and floral anatomy of Chrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusual member of the Saxifragaceae. Journal of Plant Research 111 (1104) : 573-580.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1998. Notes on the evolution of androecial organisation in the magnoliophytina (angiosperms). Botanica Acta 111 (1) : 77-86.
Jansen S., Smets E. 1998. Vestured pits in some woody Gentianaceae. IAWA Journal 19 (1) : 35-42.
1997

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Beeckman H., Smets E. 1997. Comparative wood anatomy of African Coffeeae (Rubiaceae-Ixoroideae). Belgian Journal of Botany 130 (1) : 47-58.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1997. Adapted to the rain forest floor: A remarkable new dwarf Coffea (Rubiaceae) from Lower Guinea (tropical Africa). Taxon 46 (1) : 37-47.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1997. Pollen morphology of Coffea and Psilanthus (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae), mainly from Africa. Grana 36 (6) : 313-327.
Huysmans S., El-Ghazaly G., Nilsson S., Smets E. 1997. Systematic value of tapetal orbicules: A preliminary survey of the Cinchonoideae (Rubiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 75 (5) : 815-826.
Piesschaert F., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1997. Dialypetalanthus fuscescens Kuhlm (Dialypetalanthaceae): The problematic taxonomic position of an Amazonian endemic. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 84 (2) : 201-223.
Roels P., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1997. A floral ontogenetic investigation of the Hydrangeaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany 17 (3) : 235-254.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1997. Evidence for carpel multiplications in the Capparaceae. Belgian Journal of Botany 130 (1) : 59-67.
Decraene L.P.R., Vanvinckenroye P., Smets E.F. 1997. A study of floral morphological diversity in Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae) based on early floral ontogeny. International Journal of Plant Sciences 158 (1) : 57-72.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1997. A floral ontogenetic study of some species of Capparis and Boscia, with special emphasis on the androecium. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 119 (2) : 231-255.
Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Beeckman H., Smets E. 1997. Wood anatomy of the predominantly African representatives of the tribe Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). IAWA Journal 18 (2) : 169-196.
Vanvinckenroye P.F., Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1997. The floral development of Monococcus echinophorus (Phytolaccaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 75 (11) : 1941-1950.
1996

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., DeLaet J., Smets E.F. 1996. Morphological studies in Zygophyllaceae .2. The floral development and vascular anatomy of Peganum harmala. American Journal of Botany 83 (2) : 201-215.
Vanvinckenroye P., Smets E. 1996. Floral ontogeny of five species of Talinum and of related taxa (Portulacaceae). Journal of Plant Research 109 (1096) : 387-402.
Petanidou T., VanLaere A.J., Smets E. 1996. Change in floral nectar components from fresh to senescent flowers of Capparis spinosa (Capparidaceae), a nocturnally flowering Mediterranean shrub. Plant Systematics and Evolution 199 (12) : 79-92.
Laet J. de, Smets E. 1996. A commentary on the circumscription and evolution of the order Gentianales, with special emphasis on the position of the Rubiaceae. Opera Botanica Belgica 7: 11-18.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1996. The floral development of Neurada procumbens L (Neuradaceae) (vol 44, pg 439, 1995) - correction. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 45 (2) : 228-241.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1996. A revision of Corynanthe and Pausinystalia (African Rubiaceae-Coptosapelteae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 120 (4) : 287-326.
Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Beeckman H., Smets E. 1996. Gaertnera and Pagamea: Genera within the Psychotrieae or constituting the tribe Gaertnereae? A wood anatomical and palynological approach. Botanica Acta 109 (6) : 466-476.
Petanidou T., Smets E. 1996. Does temperature stress induce nectar secretion in Mediterranean plants? New Phytologist 133 (3) : 513-518.
Roels P., Smets E. 1996. A floral ontogenetic study in the dipsacales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157 (2) : 203-218.
Jansen S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1996. The systematic value of endexine ornamentation in some Psychotrieae pollen (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). Grana 35 (3) : 129-137.
Meszaros S., Laet J. de, Smets E. 1996. Phylogeny of temperate gentianaceae: A morphological approach. Systematic Botany 21 (2) : 153-168.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1996. Coffea (Rubiaceae) in Cameroon: A new species and a nomen recognized as species. Belgian Journal of Botany 129 (1) : 71-76.
Stoffelen P., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1996. The ''arabica-congensis complex'': Five Coffea-species with a problematic delimitation. Opera Botanica Belgica 7: 237-248.
1995

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Petanidou T., Smets E. 1995. The potential of marginal lands for bees and apiculture - nectar secretion in Mediterranean shrublands. Apidologie 26 (1) : 39-52.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F., Clinckemaillie D. 1995. The floral development and floral anatomy of Coris monspeliensis. Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 73 (11) : 1687-1698.
Laet J. de, Clinckemaillie D., Jansen S., Smets E. 1995. Floral ontogeny in the Plumbaginaceae. Journal of Plant Research 108 (1091) : 289-304.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1995. Evolution of the androecium in the Ranunculiflorae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 9: 63-70.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1995. The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 118 (3) : 193-247.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1995. The floral development of Neurada procumbens L. (Neuradaceae). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44 (4) : 439-451.
1994

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Roels P., Smets E. 1994. A comparative floral ontogenic study between Adoxa moschatellina and Sambucus ebulus. Belgian Journal of Botany 127 (2) : 157-170.
Huysmans S., Robbrecht E., Smets E. 1994. Are the genera Hallea and Mitragyna (Rubiaceae coptosapelteae) pollen morphologically distinct. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography 39 (12) : 321-340.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1994. Merosity in flowers - definition, origin, and taxonomic significance. Plant Systematics and Evolution 191 (12) : 83-104.
Laet J. de, Smets E. 1994. An introduction to cladism. Belgian Journal of Botany 127 (2) : 207-229.
1993

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1993. The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character polymery. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (4) : 285-350.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1993. Dedoublement revisited: towards a renewed interpretation of the androecium of the Magnoliophytina. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (2) : 103-124.
1992

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Cresens E., Smets E. 1992. On the character "carpel-form". Trends in the development of the Magnoliatae pistil. Candollea 47 (2) : 373-390.
Clinkemaillie D., Smets E.F. 1992. Floral similarities between Plumbaginaceae and Primulaceae - systematic significance. Belgian Journal of Botany 125 (1) : 151-153.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1992. An updated interpretation of the Androecium of the Fumariaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany - Revue Canadienne de Botanique 70 (9) : 1765-1776.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1992. Complex polyandry in the Magnoliatae: definition, distribution and systematic value. Nordic Journal of Botany 12 (6) : 621-649.
1991

Chapters in book

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E., Assche J. van 1991. The Low Countries - Dune plants and fertile meadows.: 116-123.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E.F. 1991. Morphological studies in Zygophyllaceae .1. The floral development and vascular anatomy of Nitraria retusa. American Journal of Botany 78 (10) : 1438-1448.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1991. Androecium and floral nectaries of Harungana madagascariensis (Clusiaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 178 (34) : 179-194.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1991. The floral nectaries of Polygonum s.l. and related genera (Persicarieae and Polygoneae) - position, morphological nature and semophylesis. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 185 (3) : 165-185.
Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1991. The impact of receptacular growth on Polyandry in the Myrtales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 105 (3) : 257-269.
1990

Chapters in book

Cresens E., Smets E. 1990. The characterization of the character "carpel form" - A renewed view of the gynoecium of the Magnoliatae.: 125-154.

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1990. The floral development of Popowia whitei (Annonaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 10 (4) : 411-420.
1988

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Smets E. 1988. La présence des "nectaria persistentia" chez les Magnoliophytina (Angiospermes). Candollea 43 (2) : 709-716.
Smets E.F., Cresens E.M. 1988. Types of floral nectaries and the concepts character and character-state - a reconsideration. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 37 (1) : 121-128.
1987

Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

Decraene L.P.R., Smets E. 1987. The distribution and the systematic relevance of the androecial characters oligomery and polymery in the Magnoliophytina. Nordic Journal of Botany 7 (3) : 239-253.